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shall administer it in a manner that avoids any such use of this code of ethics. <br /> Sec. 2.422. Definitions. <br /> In this article: <br /> Benefit means anything reasonably regarded as pecuniary gain or pecuniary advantage, <br /> including any money, real or personal property, purchase, sale, lease, contract, option, credit, <br /> loan, discount, service or other tangible or intangible thing of value. Benefit includes a <br /> pecuniary gain or pecuniary advantage to any other person in whose welfare the beneficiary <br /> has a direct and substantial interest. <br /> Business entity means a sole proprietorship, partnership, firm, corporation, holding company, <br /> joint-stock company, receivership, trust, unincorporated association, or any other entity <br /> recognized by law, including a nonprofit organization or governmental entity. <br /> Economic interest includes a legal or equitable interest in real property, personal property, or <br /> intangible property, or a contractual right. Service by a city official or employee as an officer, <br /> director, advisor, or other active participant in a nonprofit educational, religious, charitable, <br /> fraternal, or civic organization does not create for that city official or employee an economic <br /> interest in the property of the organization. Ownership of an interest in a mutual or common <br /> investment fund that holds securities or other assets is not an economic interest in the <br /> securities or other assets unless the person in question participates in the management of the <br /> fund. <br /> Employee means any person employed by the city, whether under civil service regulations or <br /> not, including those individuals on a part-time basis, but not including any and employees of <br /> an independent contractor that serve as a staff liaison to a city board or commission. <br /> Immediate family means the spouse, children, brothers, sisters and parents of an officer or <br /> employee. <br /> Officer or official means the mayor or any member of the city council and any appointive <br /> member of a city board, commission or committee established by ordinance, charter or state <br /> law on a permanent basis or a temporary board, commission, or subcommittee. <br /> Sec. 2.423. Prohibition against involvement in actions affecting economic interests. <br /> (a) General rule. It is unlawful for a city official or employee to take any official action that <br /> he or she knows is likely to: <br /> (I) Affect an economic interest of: <br /> (A) The official or employee; <br /> (B) His or her immediate family member; <br />