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168 OCCU'ATIONAL SAFETY ÂND HEALTH 1926.&52(h) STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS ../ (h) When employees are required to be in shields may be used for the protection of ~ trenches .. feet deep or more, an adequate personnel in lieu of a shoring system or slop- = means of exit, such as a ladder or steps. shall mg. Where such trench boxes or shields are æ be provided and located so as to ~equire no used they shall be designed, constructed more than 25 feet of lateral travel. and maintained in a manner which will pro: vide protection equal to or greater than the (i) Bracing or shorin~ of trenches shall be sheeting or shoring required for the trench. carried alonJr with the excavation. (I) Backfilling and removal of trench supports (j) Cross braces or trench jacks shall be shall progress together from the bottom of placed in true horizontal position, be spaced the trench. Jacks or braces shall be released vertically, and be secured to prevent sliding, slowly and. in unstable soH, ropes shall be faUing, or kickauts. used to. pull out the jacks or braces from abave after employees have cleared the (Ir) Portable trench boxes or sliding trench trench. 1926.653 - DEFINITIONS APPLICABLE TO THIS SUBPART (a) "Accepted engineerin~ requirements the depth-to-width relationship, an excava- (ar practices)" - Thase requirements or tion may become a trench. praetic:es which are compatible with stand- (I) "Faces" -See arels required by a registered architect, a paragraph (k) of this registered prafessianal engineer, ar athel' section. duly licensed ar recognized autharity. (h) "Hard compact soil" - All earth materials (It) .. Angle of repose" - The greatest angle nat classified as running or unstable. above the harizantal plane at which a mate- (i) "Kickauts" - Accidental release or failure rial will lie withaut sliding. af a share ar brace. Ce) "Bank" - A mass af soil riaing above a (i) "Sheet pile" - A pile, o.r sheeting, that dining level. may form o.ne of a continuaus interlocking line, or a ~w af timber, concrete, or steel (d) "Belled excavation"-A part af a shaft or piles, driven in clase cantact to provide a tight footing excavation, usually near the bottom wall to resist the lateral pressure of water, and ben-shaped; i.e., an enlar¡rement af the adjacent earth, or other materials. c:rou aec:tion abo"f'e. Ce) "Braces (trench)" - The harizantal mem. (It) "Sides." "Walls," or "F ace." - The vertical ar inclined earth surfaces formed as a result bers af the shorin, system whose ends bear of excavatian wark. against the uprights or stringers. (I) "Slape" - The anJrle with the horizontal (f) "Ëxcavatian"-Any manmade cavity or at which a particular earth material will depressian in the earth's surface, including stand indefinitely withaut mavement. ita sides, wans, ar faces, farmed by earth remaval and producing unsupported earth (m) "Strinnrs" (wales)- The harizontal memo canditions by reasans of the excavatian. If bers af a shorinll' system whase sides bear instaned farms ar similar structures reduce against the uprights or earth. CUn,. 3 185 1926.&S3(m)