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1849 <br />Edward Burleson built <br />dam creating Spring <br />Lake and established <br />first gristmill and <br />sawmill. Sawmills and <br />cotton mills boosted <br />economy, often using <br />enslaved labor. <br />The dam destroyed the <br />souring fountains that <br />inspired the spiritual <br />and cultural life of the <br />Indigenous people <br />who lived or made <br />pilgrimages to the <br />sacred springs. <br />Hays County <br />population increased <br />fivefold to 2,126, <br />including San Marcos. <br />1850 <br />Hays County <br />population 387, <br />including San Marcos. <br />IiB51 <br />Burleson, Lindsey, and <br />Merriman created first <br />plat of San Marcos <br />on 640 acres of <br />Veramendi Survey. <br />Moon opened a hotel <br />on stagecoach route. <br />1851 Burleson, Lindsey, <br />and Merriman Plat of <br />San Marcos (Courtesy <br />of Texas General Land <br />Office [TX GLO]) <br />CIVIL WAR (1861-186�J) <br />Texas seceded from <br />the United States <br />and joined the <br />Confederacy. <br />C. E. Millett of Austin <br />built the first Hays <br />County Courthouse <br />(40' x 36' stone <br />foundation, two stories <br />tall, pine wood) on <br />designated block in <br />original town plat. <br />Freedom for the enslaved <br />African American people <br />in Texas was announced <br />on June 19, thereafter <br />known as Juneteenth. By <br />1866, Native American <br />slaves were freed through <br />efforts of the Andrew <br />Johnson administration. <br />liB58 <br />First Black school <br />opened. It was likely <br />located in a home, but <br />its exact location is <br />unknown. <br />Railroad expansion <br />contributed to <br />westward movement <br />while free African <br />Americans began to <br />establish their own <br />communities and make <br />political advances <br />before Jim Crow. <br />14; 1 <br />If re I r410 <br />Black community <br />established the <br />Colored Baptist <br />Church Zion. <br />SAN MARCOS CULTURE & HISTORY 29 <br />