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<br />44722 Federal Register / VoJ. 48. No. 190 / Thursday. September 29. 1983 I Notices I L{ ~
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<br />Archival Research properties in a particular area and the initial large area survey are used to
<br />Archival or background research is perrr:it manageme,n,t ?ecision~that , stru~ture successive~y ~mall~r. ,:oore
<br />generally undertaken prior to any field consider the sensItivity of the area In detatled surveys, ThIs nesting
<br />survey. Where identification is terms of histo~ic ~rese,rva~ion concerns ~pproach is an effic~ent, technique since
<br />undertaken as part of a comprehensive and the resultrI?-g Imphcatlons for future ¡( enables charact~rlzatlOn of both large
<br />planning process background research land use plannIng, The data should and small areas with reduced effort. As
<br />may have laken ;lace as part of the allow t~e fonnulation of estimates of the with all investigative tecf:níques. such,
<br />development of the historic contexts necessity. type and cost of further procedures should be_desIgned to permIt
<br />(see the Guidelines for Preservation id~nt.i~cation wo.rk ~n.d the setting of an independent assessment or'results.
<br />Planning), In the absence of previously prlontles for the indIvidual tasks Various types of sample surveys can
<br />developed historic contexts. archival ~nvo~ved. In ~ost ca~es. areas su~eyed be conducted. including. but not limited
<br />--,earch should address specific issues In this way WIll re~Ulr~ resurvey If more to: random. stratified and systematic.
<br />d topics, It should not duplicate com~lete Info~atton IS needed about Se!ection of sample type should b:
<br />~vious work. Sources should include. specific prop~rtles, guIded by the problem the survey IS
<br />t not be limited to. historical maps. A reconnaissance survey should expected to solve. the nature of the
<br />atlases. tax records. photographs. document:. , expected properties and the nature of
<br />eth h. f lkl'f d t t' 1. The kInds of properties looked for; the area to be surveyed
<br />nograp les. 0 I e ocumen a IOn., ,
<br />oral histories and otherstudies. as well 2. Thedboundanes of the area Sample surveys may provide data to
<br />surveye . , f ' f . d
<br />as standard historical reference works h . h d f ' I d' h estimate requencles 0 properties an
<br />, . 3, T e met 0 0 survey. InC u 109 t e f rt' , h' 'f¡ d
<br />as appropnate for the research problem. f ' types 0 prope les Wit In a speci Ie
<br />(See the Guidelines for Historical extent 0 s,urvey co,vera!še, , area at various confidence levels,
<br />Documentation for additional 4. The, kInds of hlstonc pr~pertles Selection of confidence levels should be
<br />d' .) present I~ the surve;:ed area. based Upon the nature of the Problem
<br />ISCUSSIOn, 5, Specific propertres that were ' ,
<br />:' " , the sample survey IS desIgned to
<br />Field Survey ~dentlfie~. and the categories of address,
<br />Th ' f f Id t h' informatIOn collected: and Pr d" d 1" 1"
<br />, e van~ty 0 I~ ~urve~ ec nlques 6, Places examined that did not e ,Icttve m,o e Ing l~ an app Icatton
<br />avaIlable, In combinatIOn with the t ' h' t 't' of basIc sampling techmques that
<br />, con aln IS OrlC proper les, ,
<br />varYing lev~ls of effort t~a,t ,may be Intensive survey is most useful when projects or extrapola~es the numb~r, .
<br />assIgned. give great flexIbIlity to it is necessary to know precisely what classes and frequencies of propertIes m
<br />~mplementing field surveys. It is historic properties exist in a given area ~nsurveyed areas base~ o~ those fo,und
<br />Important th~t the selectton of field or when information sufficient for later In surveyed are~s. Predlctl,,:e modeling
<br />survey t,echmques and level of effort be evaluation and treatment decisions is can be an effec~lve tool during ,the early
<br />responsive to ~he manageme~t needs needed on individual historic pro erties, stage~ of ~la\lmng an undertaking. for
<br />and preservatton goals that dIrect the Intensive survey describes the p targetmg field survey and for other
<br />survey effort. , distribution of ro erties in an area: management purposes. However. t~~ .
<br />Survey technIques may be loosely d t ' th P P b I t' d accuracy of the model must be verified:
<br />d ' , d' e ermInes e num er. Dca Ion, an d" h ld b fi d h h
<br />group~ Into two. categories. acco~ Ing condition of properties; determines the ~re ICtlO~S s ou e con Irme ~ roug
<br />to their results. First are the techmques t of t' t 11 t ,fIeld testing and the model redesIgned
<br />h 1 ' th h ,. f ypes proper les ac ua y presen d d 'f
<br />t at resu tine c aractertzatlon 0 a 'th' th 't I 'fi t' f- an reteste I necessary,
<br />region's historic properties, Such ;"1 ,l~ e area: p~rml s c aSSI Ica IOn 0 . . ,
<br />t h' , h' I d .. ' d h' Id" individual propertIes: ap.d records the Special survey techniques
<br />ec mques mlg t InC U : Win s Ie physical extent of specific properties, . , u
<br />or wa!k-o\'er surveys, with perhaps a A 'ntensl' e rv ho ld d .. nt' Special survey technIques may be
<br />" , d f b f F nl v su eys u oc_me. d d' ",'
<br />"TIlte use 0 su -su~ ac~ survey, ?r 1. The kinds of properties looked for; nee e In cert~1n sltua,I,ons.
<br />I.poses of these GUidelme~. thIs kind 2, The boundaries of the area Remote sensing technIques may be
<br />survey is termed a "reconnaissance," surveyed: the most effective way to gather
<br />1e s~cond.category of survey 3. The method of survey, including an bacÌ<grou~d enviror:ment~l d<;ta. plan
<br />techmques IS tho;;e that permit the estimate of the extent of survey more detaIled field investigatIOns.
<br />identi~cation ar:d ~escription of, spe,cific coverage: d!sco~er certain classes of properties,
<br />h:stonc profert::s In an a:.:a: thl~ k¡~.d 4, A record of the p.ecise location of map s:tes, locate and c~nfirm the,
<br />or survey e.fort IS t<:!rmed intensive. aU properties identifieè: and presence of predIcted sites. and define
<br />the terms "recorm..issance" and 5, Information on the appearar¡ce, features within properties, Remote
<br />"¡ntensi\'e:' are sometimes de,fined to significance. integrity and boundaries of sensing techniques include aerial.,
<br />mean partIcular survey techmques, each property sufficient to permit an subsurface and underwater technique,;
<br />generally with regard to prehistoric evaluation of its significance, Ordinarily the results of remote sensing
<br />sites, The use of the terms here is .' should be verified through ;ndependent
<br />general and is not intended to redefine Samphng field iilspection before ma~ing any
<br />the terms as they are used elsewhere., Reconnaissance or intensive survey evaluation or statement regarding
<br />Reconnaissance survey might be most methods may be employed according to' frequencies or types of properties,
<br />profitably employed when gathering a sampling procedure to examine less- I' t' ld t 'r' t' R I~
<br />data to refine a developed historic than~the-total project or planning area. n_egra mg enljlCa IOn esu
<br />context-such as checking on the Sampling can be effective when The results of identification efforts
<br />presence or absence of expected several locations are being considered must be integrated into the planning
<br />property types, to define specific for an undertaking or when it is process so that planning decisions are
<br />property types or to estimate the desirable to estimate the cultural based on the best available information,
<br />distribution of historic properties in an resources of an area, In many cases. The new informantion is first assessed
<br />area, The results of regional especially where large land areas are against the objectives of the
<br />characterization activities provide a involved. sampling can be done in identification effort to determine
<br />general understanding of the historic stages, In this approach, the results of whether the gathered information meets
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